Welcome to ON TRUTH A ministry of Dr. Cky J. Carrigan devoted to Apologetic Evangelism which seeks to equip the saints for the work of evangelism through a rigorous pursuit of TRUTH motivated by LOVE. HOME
Copyright 1999 by Cky J. Carrigan. All Rights Reserved.
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Lecture Notes for MIS401: Christian
Faith and World Religions
Southeastern Baptist Theological
Seminary, Professor Cky J. Carrigan, Ph.D.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
--INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS--
I. FACTORS FOR DIVERSITY IN N. AMERICA
A. INTERNATIONAL ________________________
B. ________________________
C. CULTURAL ________________________
D. MILIEU OF ________________________
II. CORE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY
A. BIBLE
1. I ________________________
2. I ________________________
3. UNIQUELY ________________________
4. ________________________ INTERPRETATION
B. JESUS CHRIST
1. UNIQUE ________________________ PERSON
2. ________________________ GOD
3. ________________________ MAN
4. ________________________ BORN
5. ________________________ DEATH
6. ________________________ RESURRECTION
7. HEAVENLY ________________________
8. ________________________ RETURN
C. MAN
1. SINNER BY ________________________
2. ________________________ FROM GOD
3. NEEDS ________________________
D. SALVATION
1. POSSIBLE BY ________________________ CHRIST
2. APPROPRIATED ________________________ AND FAITH ALONE
E. E ________________________
1. ONLY ONE ________________________
2. ONLY ONE ________________________
3. ONLY ONE ________________________
4. ONLY ONE ________________________
5. ALL OTHERS ________________________
F. EVANGELISM
1. GENUINE ________________________
2. GODLY ________________________
3. BIBLICAL ________________________
4. CHRIST- ________________________
III. DEFINITION OF RELIGION, RELIGION IS...
A. A SYSTEM OF ________________________ AND ...
B. A SYSTEM OF ________________________ ...
C. THAT PROVIDES ________________________ ...
D. TO GIVE LIFE ________________________ AND ...
E. TO GIVE LIFE ________________________ ...
F. BY DIRECTING A PERSON TOWARD ________________________ .
IV. ORIGIN OF RELIGION SCHOOLS
A. SUBJECTIVE - ________________________
1. ANALYSIS OF ________________________
2. NON-HISTORICAL
3. ROOT OF RELIGION IS ________________________ OF MAN
4. CONSCIOUS RELIGIOUS PRACTICE SATISFIES ________________________ NEEDS
5. ADVOCATES:
a. FW ________________________ - RELIGION BEGINS WITH FEELING OF ABSOLUTE DEPENDENCE
b. L ________________________ - IDEA OF GOD IS MERELY IDEALIZED MAN MANUFACTURED IN THE MIND OF MAN
c. S ________________________ - IDEA OF GOD IS MERELY IDEALIZED FATHER IMAGE BY INSECURITY MAN
d. R ________________________ - ROOT OF RELIGION IS AWARENESS OF THE HOLY
e. M ________________________ - ROOT OF REL IN HEIROPHANIES, HOLY MANIFESTATIONS
f. C ________________________ - ROOT OF REL IN UNIVERSAL SYMBOLIC ARCHETYPES EXPERIENCED IN DREAMS
B. EVOLUTIONARY
1. ________________________ APPROACH
2. BASIS OF RELIGION ROOTED ________________________
3. ASSUMES ________________________ HYPOTHESIS
4. ASSUMES LESS DEVELOPED CULTURES PRACTICE ________________________ RELIGION
5. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
a. ________________________ -Impersonal spiritual force
________________________ -Special object full of the spiritual force
________________________ -Manipulation of spiritual forces. Healers (magic without divination)
b. ________________________ -Personal spiritual forces (souls): Two types of spirits - nature, ancestor. Use of divination (contact with spirits).
c. ________________________ - Many gods. Gods more powerful than spirits. Spirit elevated to status of a god. Pantheon. Ideally, moving away from magic toward worship. Worshipping a god, entreating their favor.
d. ________________________ -Worshipping only one god among many who exist.
e. ________________________ -Recognize and worship only one God who is supreme. (Judaism, Islam, Christianity)
f. ________________________ - Realization that God is only a mere idea. Secularism, Zen Buddhism.
6. CRITIQUE
a. ZERO ________________________
b. TWO MAIN ________________________ FLAWED
c. EVIDENCE SUPPORTS ________________________
C. ORIGINAL MONOTHEISM
1. ________________________ APPROACH
2. ROOT OF RELIGION IN ________________________ GOD HIMSELF
3. PRINCIPLE EARLY SCHOLARLY ADVOCATE: ________________________
4. NINE FEATURES OF ________________________ (GEN
a. ONE ________________________ GOD
b. DESCRIBED IN ________________________ TERMS AND POSSESSES MAINLY MASCULINE QUALITIES
c. DWELLS IN ________________________
d. GREAT ________________________ AND POWER
e. C ________________________
f. AUTHOR OF ________________________ STANDARDS
g. GOD EXPECTS MAN TO ________________________ STANDARDS
h. DISOBEDIENCE RESULTS IN ________________________
i. GOD PROVIDES WAY ________________________ ALIENATION
5. IMPLICATIONS OF ________________________ MODEL
a. PATTERN OF ________________________ FROM MONOTHEISM
b. BUT NO ________________________ ALTERNATIVES
c. AFTER MONOTHEISM, ________________________ IS THE NORM
d. DEPARTURE FROM
V. RITUAL AND RELIGION
A. SERIES OF ________________________ IN ORDER TO BRING ABOUT A DESIRED RESULT
B. ATTEMPT ________________________ SPIRITUAL AND PHYSICAL WORLD
C. PRIESTHOOD ________________________ INCREASE TOGETHER
D. PRIESTHOOD PRACTICES ________________________
E. LAITY PRACTICE ________________________
VI. RITES OF PASSAGE AND RELIGION
A. MOST RITES OF PASSAGE HAVE A ________________________ _______________ EVENT
B. FOUR LIFE EVENTS
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
VII. EVANGELISM AND STUDY OF WORLD RELIGIONS
A. IDENTIFIES ________________________
B. IDENTIFIES ________________________
C. THREE CULTURES:
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
D. CONTEXTUALIZATION
1. OVERCONTEXTUALIZATION: ________________________ ON SUNDAY AT 11A
2. UNDERCONTEXTUALIZATION: ________________________ TO THE PANTHEON
E. PARABLE OF THE ________________________ , BIBLE AND CULTURE
--JUDAISM-
I. MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT MODERN JUDAISM
A. JUST LIKE ________________________
B. REDEMPTION ________________________
C. HEAVEN ________________________
D. REINSTITUTING ________________________ IMPORTANT
II. HEART OF MODERN JUDAISM
A. ________________________ WITH GOD & HERITAGE (COVENTANT)
B. RELIGIOUS PRACTICE MAINTAINS ________________________ , VERY IMPORTANT
C. ________________________ RELATIVELY UNIMPORTANT
III HISTORY: TWO COMMONWEALTHS
A. PRE- ________________________ (GENESIS)
1. CREATION
2. FALL
3. FLOOD (NOAH)
4.
5. ________________________ (ABRAHAM-JOSEPH)
B.
1.
2. ________________________ (1400-1050)
3. UNIFIED KINGDOM (1050-931)
4. DIVIDED KINGDOM (931-587)
5. DESTRUCTION OF ________________________ (587)
C.
1. ________________________ EXILE
2. RESTORATION OF JUDAH & TEMPLE
3. GREEK OCCUPATION
4.
5. ________________________ (HEROD THE GREAT)
6. DESTRUCTION OF
IV. JEWISH LIFE IN THE ROMAN OCCUPATION
A. DEVOTION TO GOD
B. ________________________ EXPECTATION
C. PARTY DIVISIONS
1. ________________________ (PRIESTS & POLITICIANS)
2. ________________________ (RABBIS, SCRIBES & LAWYERS)
3. ________________________ (MINOR POL/RELIG PARTY ASSOC W. HEROD)
4. ________________________ (
5. ________________________ (POLITICAL REBELS,
V. RABBINIC JUDAISM
A. ORIGIN FOUND IN ________________________ TRADITION
1. WERE NOT PRIESTS
2. DID NOT NEED THE ________________________
B. WRITINGS
1. HEBREW CANON OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED, ________________________ (AD 90)
2. DIVISIONS OF CANON: TORAH, ________________________ WRITINGS
3. ________________________ : COLLECTION OF INTERPRETATIONS (HALAKAH) OF THE TORAH, FORMED C. AD 90-200
4. ________________________ : COLLECTION OF STORIES (HAGGADAH) THAT ILLUSTRATE THE HALAKAH
5. TALMUD
a. TALMUD = ________________________
b. PALESTINIAN (4TH CENT) & BABYLONIAN (5TH CENT)
c. _____________VOLUMES
C. RISE OF RABBINIC JUDAISM
1. IMMIGRATION TO ________________________ (7TH CENT TO 1492)
a. RJ THRIVED IN
b. RASHI & ________________________
2 ________________________ : MYSTICISM & NUMEROLOGY
3. ________________________ : SPANISH ROOTS, W. EUROPEAN, LADINO LANGUAGE, CULTURE ADAPTIVE
4. ________________________ : E. EUROPEAN, YIDDISH LANG, NON-ADAPTIVE
5. SABBATAI ZEVI: 17TH CENT MESSIANIC FIGURE WHO CONVERTED ___________________
6.
7. HASIDISM:
a. ORIGINALLY CULTURALLY ________________________ , EMPHASIZING REL. EXPERIENCE
b. MARKED BY ________________________ , BLACK COAT AND FUR-TRIMMED HAT
D. THREE MAIN BRANCHES OF MODERN JUDAISM
1. ________________________ JUDAISM (30%
a. FOUNDED BY ________________________ , 18TH CENT GER
b. CULTURALLY ADAPTIVE
c. STANDARD FOR PRACTICE IS IN PROCESS, ________________________
d. TALMUD ________________________ FOR PRACTICE
e. DO NOT ANTICIPATE OR HOPE ________________________
f. DO NOT ANTICIPATE OF HOPE FOR ________________________
g. MEETING PLACE USU. CALLED ________________________ , NOT SYNAGOGUE
h. POLITICALLY ________________________
i. ACCEPT BIBLICAL ________________________
j. SERVICES MODELED ON ________________________ FORMS IN VENACULAR
k. GENDER ________________________
2. ________________________ JUDAISM (47%)
a. FOUNDED BY ZECHARIAS ________________________ 19TH CENT GER
b. ________________________ BETWEEN ORTH AND REF JUDAISM
c. KEEPS THE TALMUD & ________________________ CULTURE
d. KEEPS ________________________ CODE
e. PERMITS ________________________ DRESS AND WORSHIP
f. GENDER ________________________
3. ________________________ JUDAISM (23%)
VI. BELIEF AND PRACTISE OF MODERN RABBINIC JUDAISM (ORTHODOX)
A. MONOTHEISM, ________________________
B. DRESS: CONTEMPORARY GARMENTS ________________________
1. ________________________ (MEN)
2. ________________________ (MEN)
3. ________________________ (MEN AND WOMEN)
C. ________________________ : DOORPOST MARKER WITH SHEMA FOR EACH ROOM
D. ________________________ DIET:
1. ONLY MEAT FROM ________________________ ANIMALS WITH NO BLOOD
2. NO DAIRY PRODUCTS ____________MEAT IN SAME MEAL
3. EGGS AND VEGETABLES ________________________
E. PRAYER (MEN):
1. MORNING,
2. TALLIT ( ________________________ )
3. TEFILLIN ( ________________________ ) WHICH INCLUDE FOUR SCRIPTURE PASSAGES FROM ________________________
4. RYTHMIC ________________________
5. AMIDAH ( ________________________ ________________________ )
F. SYNAGOGUE
1. ________________________ (CABINET FOR THE TORAH)
2. ________________________ (PLATFORM)
3. ________________________ (7 BRANCHED CANDELABRA)
4. ________________________ & ________________________
G. CIRCUMCISION
1. ON ________________________ (BOYS)
2. OFFICIAL ________________________ OF NAME (BOYS AND GIRLS)
3. MARK OF ________________________
H. BAR MITZVAH ( ________________________ )
1. IMPORTANT CELEBRATION
2. MARKS ACCOUNTABLITY TO THE LAW ________________________
3. BAT MITZVAH ( ________________________ )
I. MARRIAGE
1. IMPORTANT CELEBRATION
2. UNDER ________________________
3. GROOM ________________________ UNDER FOOT
J. FUNERAL
1. QUICK BURIAL ESSENTIAL, ________________________ ________________________
2. EXPRESSION OF HOPE ________________________
K. SABBATH
1. FRIDAY ________________________ TO SATURDAY ________________________
2. SABBATH FAMILY MEAL ( ________________________ , HOME)
3. SABBATH ________________________ (FRI EVE, SYN,)
4. SYNAGOGUE PRAYER SERVICE ( ________________________ )
5. SABBATH ________________________ (SAT EVE, SYN)
6. NO WORK, TRAVEL, COOKING, ______________________, OR ANSWERING THE TELEPHONE
L. SPECIAL DAYS
1. *ROSH HASHANAH: ________________________ , SEP-OCT (TISHRI 1), REFLECTION AND REPENTANCE, SHOPHAR BLOWN
2. *YOM KIPPUR: ________________________ , TISHRI 10, PERSONAL REPENTANCE
3. SUKKOTH: FEAST ________________________ , TISHRI 15-22, FAMILIES EAT MEALS IN OUTDOOR SHELTERS (BOOTHS)
4. SIMCHAT TORAH: CELEBRATION ________________________ , TISHRI 23
5. HANUKKAH: COMMEMORATES ________________________ BY MACCABEES AFTER DESECRATION BY ANTIOCHES, 8 DAYS BEGINNNG KESLIV 25-(DEC).
6. PURIM: SOCIAL/CULTURAL EVENT COMMEMORATING ________________________ ROLE IN STOPPING THE EXTERMINATION OF THE JEWS BY THE PERSIANS, ADAR 14-15 (FEB-MAR).
7. *PASSOVER: COMMEMORATING THE ________________________ ________________________ FROM THE LAST PLAGUE ON EGYPT, NISSAN 14-21/22
a. RIDDING THE HOUSE OF LEAVEN BEFORE PASSOVER
b. ________________________ : FORMAL FAMILY MEAL ON THE FIRST NIGHT WHICH
INCLUDES RITUAL WASHING, WINE, BITTER HERBS, UNLEAVENED BREAD, MEAL (W/O LAMB
IN ABSENCE OF
8. *SHAVUOT: ( ________________________ ) COMMEMORATING GIVING OF THE COMMANDMENTS, FIFTY DAYS AFTER PASSOVER, ALSO THE HARVEST FESTIVAL
***NOTE: ROSH HASHANAH, SEP 26-27/03; YOM KIPPUR, OCT 5-6/03; SUKKOTH, OCT 10-16/03; SIMCHAT TORAH, OCT 18-19/03; HANUKKAH, DEC 8-15/03
VII.
A. THEODORE ________________________ (1895): WORLD ZIONIST ORGANIZATION
B. ________________________ DECLARATION (1917)
C. U. N. RESOLUTION ( __________)
D. RECAPTURE OF JERUSALEM: ________________________ (1967)
E. SECULAR JUDAISM
VIII. EVANGELISTIC STRATIGIES
A. ________________________ JUDAISM
B. LOOK FOR SPECIFIC AND UNIVERSAL ________________________
C. EMPHASIZE THAT BECOMING A CHRISTIAN IS NOT REJECTING ______________________
D. EMPHASIZE JESUS CHRIST AS ________________________ AND JUDGEMENT
E. DO NOT PRESUME THAT THE NATURAL POINT OF CONTACT IS ABSENCE OF THE ________________________ ________________________
F. PREPARE TO BE RECEIVED WITH ________________________ IN LIGHT OF HISTORIC MISTREATMENT OF JEWS BY "CHRISTIANS"
G. BE CAREFUL NOT ________________________ OBSERVANT JEWS (DIETARY PRACTICE, SABBATH KEEPING, ETC)
--ISLAM--
I. ISLAMIC PARADOX ( ________________________ )
A. MUHAMMAD I ___________________BUT NOT THE
B. BOTH POLITICAL AND ________________________ SYSTEM
C. MONOTHEISTIC IN THEORY, BUT OFTEN ________________________ IN PRACTICE
D. HOMO-CULTURAL, BUT ________________________ INFLUENCE
II. HISTORY: MUHAMMAD, ________________________ & THE SHI'A
A. MUHAMMAD AND ORIGINS OF ISLAM
1. BORN NEAR MECCA ARABIA _____________
2. MECCA WAS ________________________
a. POLYTHEISM
b. ANIMISM
c. ALLAH AND HIS ________________________
d. ________________________ : LARGE CUBE SHAPED SHRINE WITH METEORITE INSERT
3. ARABIA WAS ________________________ COMMERCIAL REGION
4. JEWISH, CHRISTIAN & ________________________ MERCHANTS
5. ILLITERATE CAMEL DRIVER MARRIED ________________________ AND BECAME WEALTHY MERCHANT
6. FIRST VISION ( ____________)
a. MEDITATING IN CAVE ________________________
b. FELL INTO TRANCE
c. GABRIEL SPOKE, ________________________
7. PREACHED ________________________ MESSAGE IN MECCA
a. THERE IS ONLY ONE GOD TO WHOSE WILL PEOPLE ________________________
b. THERE IS COMING A DAY ______________________BASED ON SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF GOD
8. GAINED CONVERTS AND SUFFERED ________________________
9. MUHAMMAD AND FOLLOWERS FORCED TO FLEE
10. RAISED UP AN ARMY AND RETURNED ________________________
11. ELIMINATED ALL IDOLS, BUT RETAINED ________________________ AS A PLACE OF PILGRIMAGE
12. DIED IN ________________________
13. SEARCH FOR ________________________ TO MUHAMMAD
B. THE CALIPHATE (SUCCESSOR) AND THE SHI'A
1. MAJORITY (SUNNI) FOLLOWED ________________________ , M'S FATHER-IN-LAW
2. THE MINORITY (SHA'I) FOLLOWED __________________, M'S SON-IN-LAW
3. SUNNIS OBSERVE A LINE OF SUCCESSION FROM MUHAMMAD THROUGH ________________________ , THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY, THE ABBASID DYNASTY, TO THE OTTOMAN TURKS (1917)
4. SHI'ITES OBSERVE A LINE OF SUCCESION FROM MUHAMMAD THROUGH ________________________ ________________________
5. ________________________ (3RD CALIPH) COLLECTED AND ISSUED THE AUTHORIZED EDITION OF THE QUR'AN
6. SHI'ITE CHARACTERISTICS
a. 5, 7 OR 12 SUCCESSORS TO MUHAMMAD (IMAMS) ENDOWED WITH PROPHET STATUS AND SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE ENABLING THEM TO ________________________ FROM ALLAH
b. COMMEMORATE THE DEATH OF ________________________
c. LAST IMAM WENT INTO ________________________ 12TH c
d. ACTIVE IN IRAN, IRAQ & ________________________
III. AUTHORITY
A. ________________________ [PRIMARY]
1. COMPILATION OF ________________________ FROM ALLAH VIA GABRIEL AND MUHAMMAD'S INSTRUCTIONS
2. ABOUT THE SIZE OF THE ________________________
3. ________________________ (SURAS) DIVIDED IN VERSES (AYAT)
4. AUTHORITATIVE ONLY ________________________
5. SHORTER-OLDER SURAS ARE ________________________ ABOUT GOD AND JUDGMENT, PLACED IN 2ND HALF
6. LONGER-LATER SURAS ARE ________________________ INSTRUCTIONS
7. CONTAINS MANY MODIFIED ________________________ REFERENCES
B. ________________________ (CONSENSUS) [SECONDARY]
1. COLLECTION OF INSTRUCTIONS ( ________________________ ) BASED ON THE LIFE OF MUHAMMAD & INFORMAL SAYINGS
2. INCLUDES MIRACULOUS ACCOUNTS OF MUHAMMAD'S ________________________ TO
HEAVEN IN
C. SHARI'A ( ________________________ ) [TERTIARY]
1. COLLECTION OF AUTHORIZED ________________________ OF THE QUR'AN AND SUNNA
2. FOUR DIFFERENT ________________________ OF AUTHORIZED INTERPRETATIONS
D. ________________________ [SUPPLIMENTARY]
1. AROSE IN ________________________ , REMAINS ACTIVE TODAY
2. ANALOGOUS TO THE ________________________ OF JUDAISM AND PSEUDO-DYONISIAN MYSTICISM
3. MYSTIC ORIENTATION: QUEST FOR A ________________________ OF ALLAH, TO MERGE SOUL'S WITH ALLAH
4. MINIMIZES RELIANCE UPON LAWS & COMMANDMENTS, MAXIMIZES _________________
IV. BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
A. SIX ESSENTIAL BELIEFS
1. ABSOLUTE ________________________ -- ONENESS OF GOD
a. NON- ________________________
b. HYPER- ________________________
c. HYPO- ________________________
2. ________________________ AND SPIRITS
a. ________________________ GAVE THE QUR'AN TO MOH
b. SATAN-- ________________________
c. EVIL SPIRITS- ________________________
d. ________________________ -PREOCCUPIED WITH WARDING OFF EVIL SPIRITS (ANIMISM)
3. PROPHETS ( ________________________ )
a. RIGHTEOUS AND ________________________
b. ALSO CALLED AN ________________________ (RASUL), ONE WHO LEAVES BOOKS
c. ________________________ MENTIONED IN QUR'AN
d. INCLUDES BIBLICAL PROPHETS: ________________________ ________________________
e. JESUS ( ________________________ )
1) MERELY PROPHET, ________________________
2) ________________________ BORN
3) ________________________ WORKER
4) ASCENDED ________________________
5) WAS ___________CRUCIFIED
6) _____________RESURRECTED
f. MOHAMMED ________________________ PROPHET (SUNNI)
g. SPECIAL SUCCESSOR TO MOHAMMED ( ______________________ WLL BE LAST PROPHET
4. BOOKS: MOH RECOGNIZED ALL ________________________ ___________JEWS, CHRISTIANS & ZOROASTRIANS
5. ________________________
a. ON APPOINTED DAY KNOWN ONLY TO ALLAH
b. SOUNDING OF ________________________ RUMPET
c. ________________________ RESURRECTION
d. EVERYONE RECEIVES HIS ________________________
1) IN ________________________ OF THE WICKED
2) IN ________________________ OF THE OBEDIENT
e. BASIS OF JUDGMENT IS ________________________ TO THE WILL OF ALLAH
f. HEAVEN IS REWARD FOR ________________________
g. HELL IS ________________________ FOR REBELLION
h. THERE CAN BE OPTIMISM ABOUT HEAVEN, BUT ________________________ , CERTAINTY WOULD BE PRESUMPTUOUS
i. HEAVEN IS PLACE OF ________________________
j. HELL IS PLACE OF ________________________
6. INFALLIBLE ________________________
a. ALLAH IS ________________________
b. SKEWD TOWARD ________________________
c. RELATIONSHIP OF DIVINE SOVERIEGNTY AND HUMAN FREEDOM IS ________________
B. ________________________ OF PRACTICE
1. CONFESSION ________________________ :
a. "THERE IS NO GOD ________________________ , AND ________________________ IS THE APOSTLE OF ALLAH"
b. SINCERE ________________________ IS ISLAMIC INITIATION
2. ________________________ (SALAT)
a. FIVE TIMES DAILY
b. IN THE ________________________ (MEN) IF POSSIBLE
c. USE ________________________ OUTSIDE MOSQUE
d. RITUAL ________________________ PRECEEDS PRAYER
e. PRAYER IS ________________________ SEQUENCE OF POSTURING AND RECITATION
f. FRIDAY ______________________ARE SPECIAL AND INCLUDE A SERMON (NOT SABBATH)
3. ________________________ (SAWM)
a. COMMEMORATES THE ________________________ GIVEN TO MUHAMMAD IN MONTH OF RAMADAN
b. ________________________ FROM FOOD OR DRINK DURING THE DAYLIGHT HOURS, AND SEXUAL RELATIONS DURING THE ENTIRE MONTH
c. SOME EXCEPTIONS PERMITTED
4. ________________________ (ZAKAT)
a. ANNUAL GIFT ________________________
b. __________________OF ALL PROFITS OR PROPERTY
5. ________________________ (HAJJ)
a. ________________________ AT LEAST ONCE IN LIFETIME
b. ________________________ IS MONTH OF THE PILGRIMAGE
c. OTHER KEY HOLY CITES: ________________________ ________________________
d. SEVEN COMPONENTS OF ________________________
1) ________________________ : MEN
2) 1ST ________________________ : 7-TIME WALK ROUND KA'BA
3) 7-TIME RUN BETWEEN MARWA AND SAFA
4) DAY OF STANDING ON THE _____________________AT THE FOOT OF MOUNT OF MERCY
5) SACRIFICES AT ________________________ (GRATITUDE NOT ATONEMENT)
6) STONING ________________________
7) FINAL ________________________ : 1 TIME ROUND THE KA'BA
C. THREE ETHICAL CATEGORIES OF ACTION
1. ________________________ ACTIONS (FARD)
2. ________________________ ACTIONS (HARAM)
3. ________________________ ACTIONS (HALAL)
D. OTHER REQUIREMENTS
1. DIET: NO PORK OR ________________________
2. DRESS
a. CODE OF ________________________ IN PUBLIC
b. WOMEN'S VEIL (PURDAH)
c. ISLAMIC CULTURES VARY ________________________
3. MARRIAGE
a. MEN MAY TAKE _________________WIVES
b. DIVORCE IS SIMPLE, ________________DECLARATION
4. HOLY WAR ( _______________)
a. MINIMIZED IN SOME PRESENT CONTEXTS MEANING ________________________
b. HISTORICALLY, A PHYSICAL WAR
c. FIVE PRINCIPLES OF JIHHAD
1) NO ________________________ VIOLENCE TO ADVANCE ISLAM
2) ISLAM ADVANCED ________________________ AND PERSUASION ONLY
3) VIOLENCE JUSTIFIED IN ________________________
4) VIOLENCE JUST IN ________________________ DEFENSE
5) VIOLENCE JUST ________________________ ISLAMIC LANDS
V. OTHER IMPORTANT TERMS-CONCEPTS
1. A.H.: ( ___________________) REAKONING TIME BY THE FLIGHT OF MOHAMMED (AD 622)
2. ______________________(SUNNITE): A LEADER, ONE AMOMG MANY, CONSIDERED TO BE AN AUTHORITY IN ISLAMIC LAW AND THEOLOGY
3. IMAM (SHI'ITE): THE HIGH LEADER, SUCCESSOR OF MOHAMMED, WHO HAS BEEN IN CONCEALMENT SINCE THE ________________________
4. __________________: ISLAMIC BELIEF OR DOCTRINE
5. __________________: ISLAMIC PRACTICE
6. ___________________: NICHE THAT POINTS THE WAY TO MECCA
7. ___________________: NT GOSPELS
8. ___________________: JESUS
9. ISLAM: ________________________ TO THE WILL OF ALLAH
10. KAFIR: ________________________
11. ________________________ : A COMING WORLD LEADER OF RIGHTEOUSNESS (SUNNIS, ANTICIPATING HIS COMING) (SHI'ITES ANTICIPATING HIS RETURN-HE WAS THE LAST IMAM WHO WENT INTO CONCEALMENT IN THE 12TH CENT
12. ______________________: TOWER AT MOSQUE FROM WHICH CALL TO PRAYER IS MADE
13. MUJAHIDIN: MUSLIMS THAT FIGHT IN ________________________
14. MUSLIM: ________________________
15. MUESSIN: ONE WHO EXTENDS ________________________
16. PBUH: " ________________________ BE UPON HIM"
VI. AMERICAN BLACK MUSLIM MOVEMENT
A. LOST/FOUND ________________________ ________________________ (1930'S)
1. ________________________ MOHAMMED (DISAPPEARED 1934): FOUNDER & IMMAM IN SHI'ITE SENSE
2. ________________________ (d. 1975): PROPHET
3. SIX FUNDAMENTAL TEACHINGS
a. FARRAD WAS ________________________ OF ALLAH
b. ELIJAH M IS THE ________________________ OF ALLAH
c. BLACKS ARE DESCENDANTS OF ________________________ AND ORIGINAL KEEPERS OF THE KA'BA, THEY ARE NATURALLY GOOD AND PEACEFUL
d. WHITES ARE NOT ________________________ , THEY ARE NATURALLY EVIL AND OPPRESSIVE, THEY ARE CREATIONS OF YAKUB WHO WAS NOT-SUBMISSIVE TO ALLAH
e. BLACKS SHOULD ________________________ _______AND ADOPT ISLAM'S FIVE PILLARS
f. BY THE DECREE OF ALLAH, BLACKS WILL ________________________ THE WORLD
4. FORMED MILITARY ARM ________________________
5. DISSOLVED IN 1975 WHEN WARITH MOHAMMED (ELIJAH'S SON TOOK OVER) FORMING THE ________________________ ________________________
B. AMERICAN MUSLIM MISSION (1970'S)
1. ________________________ INCARNATION OF ALLAH
2. ENTERED ________________________ ISLAM
3. DISSOLVED ________________________
4. ________________________ WITH WORLDWIDE ISLAM
C. NEW NATION OF ISLAM ( _________________)
1. ________________________ REVIVED ELIJAH MOHAMMED'S MOVEMENT
2. ________________________ REFORMED
3. TEACHINGS INCLUDE BLACK SELF-RELIANCE, ANTISEMITISM & _____________________
VII. TYPICAL MUSLIM
A. NOT A ________________________
B. BUT, EXPECT A DISTINCT ________________________ ON INTERNATIONAL POLITICS THAT IS GENERALLY ANTI-WESTERN AND ANTI-SEMETIC
C. MOST WILL OBSERVE _______________________, PARTICULARLY ON DIET AND PRAYER
D. IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, MAY BE ________________________ IN PRACTICE
E. BE PREPARED FOR A ________________________ OF ISLAM FROM MANY MUSLIMS
F. EXPECT HARSHNESS AND ________________________ IN MANY LOCATIONS
VIII. EVANGELISM
A. ________________________ ISLAMIC BELIEF AND PRACTICE
B. THE ANIMISTIC MOSLEM MAY RESPOND TO ________________________ FROM EVIL AND PROTECTION FROM EVIL SPIRITS OFFERED BY CHRIST
C. PREPARE TO OFFER A WELL-REASONED ________________________ FOR CHRISTIANITY TO THE THOUGHTFUL MOSLEM
1. FOR THE ________________________
2. FOR THE ________________________
3. FOR THE ________________________
4. FOR SALVATION ________________________
D. PREPARE TO OFFER A WELL-REASONED ________________________ OF ISLAMIC DOCTRINE TO THE THOUGHTFUL MOSLEM
1. AGAINST EXCLUSIVELY ________________________ MONOTHEISM
2. AGAINST MOHAMMED'S ________________________ AUTHORITY
a. NO ________________________
b. NO ________________________
c. NO ________________________
3. AGAINST THE QUR'AN
a. NOT ________________________
b. NOT ________________________ AND ETERNAL
c. NOT ________________________ REVELATION
E. CONSULT ________________________ ________________________ , ANSWERING ISLAM
- -ZOROASTRIANISM- -
I. IMPORTANCE?
A. RELATIVELY SMALL FOLLOWING
B. 189K WORLDWIDE, GABARS IN
C. INFLUENCE ON OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS OVERSTATED
D. IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS A CASE STUDY FOR ORIGINAL MONOTHEISM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGION AND RITUAL
II. AT-A-GLANCE
A. Z IS THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT
B. NAME DERIVED FROM FOUNDER, ZOROASTER (ZARATHUSTRA) 6TH CENT BC
C. MAGI OF MATTHEW'S GOSPEL WERE PROBABLY Z
D.
E. SCRIPTURE CALLED AVESTA
F. CLASSIC PRACTICE EMPHASIZES MORAL PURIFICATION THROUGH HEAVY RITUAL
G.
H. DEVELOPED FROM MONOTHEISM TO POLYTHEISM/ANIMISM TO PSEUDO-MONOTHEISM
I. MITHRAISM & MANICHAEISM HAVE ORIGINS IN Z
III. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
A. PRE-Z (ARYANISM)
1. C. 1500 BC EUROPEAN NOMADS IMMIGRATED TO
2. BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
a. REMNANTS OF MONOTHEISM IN PANTHEON OF LESSER GODS AND CHIEF SKY GOD (AHURA MAZDA "WISE LORD")
b. PRIESTHOOD OF MAGI OFFERED FIRE SACRIFICES
c. DEVELOPED INTO MANY GODS & RITUALS THAT MINIMIZED IDEA OF SUPREME GOD
B. ORIGINAL-Z (ZOROASTER OF PERSIA/IRAN)
1. ZOROASTER (628-551 BC) SEVEN VISIONS
2. SCRIPTURE: AVESTA
3. BELIEF AND PRACTICE
a. REJECTED ARYIAN POLYTHEISM IN FAVOR OF MONOTHEISM
b. ONE SUPREME GOD WORTHY OF WORSHIP- AHURA MAZDA
c. WHO WORKS IN THE WORLD THROUGH HIS AMESHA SPENTAS (HOLY IMMORTALS)
d. OPPOSED BY EVIL SPIRIT (ANGRA MAINYU)
e. MAIN CONCERN WAS MORAL DUALISM (TRUTH VS LIE, GOOD VS EVIL)
f. PRACTICED FIRE RITUAL WITHOUT SACRIFICE
g. ZOROASTER'S Z'ISM NEVER ENJOYED LARGE SCALE ADHERENCE OR PRACTICE
C. ACHAEMENID (PERSIAN KINGS) PERIOD (558-330)
1. Z MERGED INTO PREDOMINANT PERSIAN (ARYAN) POLYTHEISM AND PRIESTLY RITUALISM ADMINISTERED BY MAGI
2. INCORPORATED WORSHIP OF AHURA MAZDA AMONG OTHERS INSTEAD OF EXCLUSIVE WORSHIP
D. GREEK PERIOD (330 BC - 226 AD)
1. MITHRAISM BECAME PROMINENT AND ROMAN SOLDIERS IMPORTED WORLDWIDE
2. M: MYSTERY RELIGION OF SACRIFICING BULLS TO MITHRA (SUPREME GOD ASSOC WITH THE SUN, TRUTH AND LIGHT)
3. ZOROASTRIANISM DORMANT IN THIS PERIOD
E. SASSANID PERIOD (AD 226-637)
1. RENAISSANCE & GOLDEN AGE OF Z
2. COLLECTION OF AVESTA COMPLETED
3. BELIEF AND PRACTICE CODIFIED (ORTHODOXY)
a. AHURA MAZDA CALLED OHRMAZD AND OCCUPIED EXCLUSIVE SUPREMACY
b. SOME REMNANTS OF POLYTHEISM REMAINED
c. ANGRA MAINYU CALLED AHRIMAN AND STATUS RAISED
d. MORAL DUALISM PERSONIFIED (OHRMAZD VS. AHRIMAN)
e. PREOCCUPATION WITH CEREMONIAL PURITY AND WARDING OFF EVIL SPIRITS
f. DEATH AND "TOWERS SILENCE"
g. FUTURISTIC CONCERNS:
1) PERSONAL JUDGMENT UPON DEATH
2) COMING OF FUTURE PROPHETS
3) EMPENDING END OF THE WORLD
F. MODERN PERIOD (637-PRESENT)
1. PERIOD OF FURTHER REFINEMENT IN THE DIRECTION OF EXCLUSIVE MONOTHEISM
2. PRACTICE
a. DRESS: SACRED SHIRT AND BELT
b. MONOGAMY
c. DAILY PRAYERS
d. HIGH MORAL STANDARDS
e. RITUAL PURIFICATION: BATHS AND MANTHRAS
f. STRICT RITUAL BY PRIESTS IN
IV. ZOROASTRIAN INFLUENCE ON JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM
A. THERE ARE INDEED MANY SIMILARITIES
B. EVIDENCE POINTS TO JUDAISM'S INFLUENCE ON Z RATHER THAN Z ON JUDAISM AS IS COMMONLY SUGGESTED
C. IN THE CASE OF ISLAM, THERE IS MORE EVIDENCE OF Z'S
V. TYPICAL PARSI
A. WESTERN
1. PROFESSIONAL
2. SECULARIZED, Z MORE HERITAGE THAN RELIGION
3. MINIMIZES RITUAL OBSERVANCES, DRESS
4. NOT PREOCCUPIED WITH MORAL PURITY
5. PLURALISTIC-RELATIVISTIC
B. MIDDLE EASTERN
1. ABOVE AVERAGE ECONOMICALLY
2. MORE LIKELY TO PRACTICE Z
3. CONCERNED WITH MORAL DUALISM
4. ANTICIPATING VICTORY OF GOOD OVER EVIL
VI. EVANGELISM
A. WESTERN
1. PREPARE TO DEFEND EXCLUSIVISM AND ABSOLUTISM AGAINST PLURALISM-RELATIVISM
2. DEMONSTRATE UNIQUENESS OF CHRISTIAN GOSPEL
a. CONTRADICTIONS OF PLURALISM
b. HISTORICAL RELIABILITY OF CHRISTIANITY
c. EXCLUSIVE CLAIMS OF CHRIST AND CROSS
B. MIDDLE EASTERN
1. QUESTION Z'S ABILITY TO OVERCOME EVIL
2. PRESENT THE POWER OF THE CROSS WHICH HAS ALREADY OVERCOME EVIL
- -AFRICAN TRADITIONAL- -
I. DISPELLING MYTHS
A. TRAD RELIGIONS ARE ________________________
B. TRs ARE ________________________
C. TRs ARE ________________________
D. MONTHEISM TENDS ________________________ ANIMISM AND RITUALISM OF TRs
E. ALL TRs ARE BASICALLY ________________________
II. ADVANTAGE OF TERM ________________________
A. "PRIMITIVE" IS ________________________ TO AFRICANS AND NATIVE AMERICANS
B. TR'S ARE PRODUCTS OF LONG PERIODS OF ________________________ DEVELOPMENT
C. TR'S ARE ROOTED IN ________________________ , NOT BIBLICAL REVELATION
III. COMMON TRAITS OF TRAD REL
A. THREE POWERS
1. ________________________ SPIRITS
2. ________________________ SPIRITS
3. ________________________ (REMNANT OF ORINGINAL MT)
4. MAN IN THE MIDDLE TRYING ________________________ THE SKY GOD, ANCESTOR SPIRITS AND NATURE SPIRITS
B. RITUAL AND MAGIC ARE ________________________
1. RITUAL
a. NO PERMENENT STANDARD
b. GENERATIONAL LIMITATION IS DUE TO ABSENCE OF WRITTEN AUTHORITY
2. MAGIC (SUBSET OF RITUAL)
a. GOOD MAGIC (MEDICINE)
b. BAD MAGIC (MEDICINE)
3. EXPERTS IN RITUAL AND MAGIC
a. GROUP: PRIESTS (ELDERS, CHIEFS, CLAN LEADERS)
b. INDIVIDUALS
1) HEALERS (MEDICINE MEN) ________________________ DISEASE-CAUSING SPIRITS AWAY FROM VICTIM
* HEALERS ________________________ SPIRITS
2) SHAMANS ARE MEDIUMS FOR SPIRITS
* SPIRITS ________________________ SHAMANS
4. RITES OF PASSAGE
a. VERY IMPORTANT IN TRs
b. TRs LOADED WITH DIVERSE RITUALS ASSOC WITH BIRTH, PUBERTY, MARRIAGE, DEATH
5. TABOO ( ________________________ )
a. PERSON, PLACE OR OBJECT
b. VIOLATING TABOO RESULTS IN DRASTIC CONSEQUENCES
6. TOTEM ( ________________________ )
a. EACH CLAN OF A TRIBE IS REPRESENTED BY AN ANIMAL OR LIFE FORM CALLED ITS "TOTEM"
b. WIDE USE, BUT NO UNIVERSAL PRACTICE
c. TWO FUNCTIONS OF TOTEMS
1) PREVENTS ________________________ (MUST MARRY OUTSIDE OWN TOTEM)
2) PROMOTES WIDER ________________________ DISTRIBUTION (USUALLY TABOO FOR CLAN MEMBER TO EAT HIS OWN TOTEM ANIMAL)
III. COMMON ELEMENTS OF AFRICAN TRs
A. RECOGNITION AND WORSHIP OF THE ________________________
B. IMPORTANCE OF RELATIONSHIPS WITH ________________________
C. IMPORTANCE OF AGE GRADES AND ________________________
D. FOCUS ON ________________________ AND PRESENT SPIRITUAL AGENCIES
E. FOUR REPRESENTATIVE TRIBES
1. EAST SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
a. KIKUYU (KENYA, AGRICUL)
b. MAASAI (KENYA/TANZANIA, HERDERS)
2. WEST SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
a. YORUBA (NIGERIA, AGRICUL)
3. SOUTH AFRICA
a. ZULA (S. AFRICA, HERDERS)
IV. SOCIAL CONTEXT:
BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF TARs ARE ________________________ BELIEFS AND PRACTICES NOT INDIVIDUAL Bs & Ps
V. GOD - THE GOD WHO IS ________________________
A. DESCRIPTION OF GOD GENERALLY MEETS 9pt KEYS OF ________________________ BUT NOT FOCUSED ON GOD LIKE JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY OR ISLAM
B. HISTORICAL ORIGIN OF ATRs GOD ________________________ AS CHRISTIAN GOD, BUT...
C. DESCRIPTION IS ________________________
D. KIKUYU - "NGAI"
E. ZULU - "INKOSI YEZULU" OR "UNKUL-UNKULU"
F. YORUBA - "OLORUN" PLUS MANY SUBORDINATE DEITIES
G. MAASAI - "ENGAI"
VI. ANCESTORS - WHO ARE ________________________
A. ________________________ MORE PROMINENT THAN GOD
B. ________________________ BETTER TERM
C. DEAD OCCUPY THE REALM ________________________
D. REVERED & CONSULTED, BUT NOT ________________________
E. CONTACT USUALLY BY ________________________
F. MAY CONTACT ANY TRIBAL MEMBER
G. ________________________ DOMINATES THIS RELATIONSHIP
VII. RITES OF PASSAGES (SEE P 152)
VIII. RITUAL AND MAGIC
A. RITUAL GIVES AN EVENT SIGNIFICANCE AND MEANING
B. KIKUYU
1. LAND SALE (RARE)
2. HEALING (COMMON, MAGIC)
3. WITCHCRAFT (BAD MAGIC)
4. DEATH (NEVER "NATURAL")
IX. ATR'S & THE MODERN WORLD
A. ________________________ (CHRISTIANITY & ATR)
B. INDEPENDENT CHURCHES OF AFRICA
1. GOD IS ________________________ & ________________________
2. ANCESTORS ARE ________________________
3. CHRIST IS ________________________ , NOT SACRIFICE
4. INITIATION RITES RE AGE
5. MINISTERIAL FOCUS ON ________________________ & ________________________
X. TYPICAL ATR DEVOTEE
A. ________________________ TIME STRUCTURE
B. ________________________ ORIENTED LEARNING
C. DISTINCT WAY OF LIFE THAT IS ________________________ OF THE TRIBE
X. EVANGELISM
A. BARRIERS
1. THREAT OF CAPRICIOUS ________________________
2. THREAT OF ________________________
B. APPROACHES
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. CLARITY OF ________________________
--NATIVE AMERICAN RELIGION-
I. ACCURATE NAR INFO ________________________
A. TRAD RELS DIE WITH ________________________ (NO WRITTINGS, GENICIDE)
B. SURVIVORS ADAPT PUBLICLY & PRACTICE NAR ________________________
C. GREAT ________________________
D. REPORTS SKEWED BY PRECONCEPTIONS
1. NATURE WORSHIPPERS
2. IDOLATERS
3. PURE NATURAL THEISM (GREAT SPIRIT)
4. "NOBLE SAVAGE" DOCTRINE
II. REGIONAL GROUPINGS (SEE 163-4)
III. SUPREME BEING
A. MOST NAR RECOGNIZE ________________________ OF SPIRIT BEINGS
1. ________________________ GOD
2. ________________________ SPIRITS
3. ________________________ SPIRITS
B. BUT, THERE IS ________________________ ON THE LEVELS OF RECOGNITION
C. SUPREME GOD IS ________________________ IN MOST NARs
D. NAR AND ORIGINAL MONOTHEISM
1. SUPREME GOD ________________________ IN LESS CULTURALLY DEVELOPED TRIBES
2. SUPREME GOD ________________________ OR ABSENT IN MORE CULTU-RALLY DEVELOPED TRIBES
3. EVIDENCE SUPPORTS ________________________
IV. NATURE & ANCESTOR SPIRITS
A. ANCESTOR SPIRITS ________________________ PROMINENT IN MOST NARs
1. THE DEAD ARE DEPARTED
2. THEY ONLY OCCASSIONALLY MANIFEST AS GHOSTS
B. NATURE SPIRITS ARE PROMINENT IN MOST NARs
1. THE WORLD IS COMPOSED OF LIVING ________________________ , NOT INANIMATE MATTER
2. EVERY PLANT, ANIMAL, SPECIAL ROCK OR BODY OF WATER MAY BE ________________________ BECAUSE THERE IS A SPIRIT IN IT
3. NATURE SPIRITS ARE CONSULTED TO SOLVE PROBLEMS
4. NATURE SPIRITS CAUSE MISCHIEF (ILLNESS, DEATH, PROBLEMS)
V. SHAMANS
1. SHAMANS ___________________BETWEEN "THIS WORLD" & THE NATURE-SPIRIT WORLD
2. THEY ARE "POSSESSED" BY A NATURE SPIRIT
3. NATURE SPIRITS DISCLOSE CURES AND GIVE ADVICE THROUGH SHAMANS
4. SWEAT LODGE OFTEN USED
VI. HEALERS (MED-MEN)
A. HEALERS MANIPULATE ________________________ TO EFFECT HEALING WITHOUT CONSULTING SPIRITS
B. SOMETIMES HEALING INVOLVES SHAMANS AND HEALERS
VII. TOTEMS
A. DIVIDES SOCIETY INTO DISTINCT GROUPS THAT BEAR NAMES OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS
B. ________________________ IN NARs
C. TOTEMS ARE NOT MERE GENEOLOGICAL REPs OR OBJECTS OF WORSHIP (IDOLS)
D. TOTEMS ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE NATURE SPIRITS TO WHICH A GROUP IN A TRIBE OWES A SPECIAL ALLEGIANCE
E. TOTEMS ARE ________________________ OBJECTS
F. SEE NOTES ON TOTEMS IN TR
VIII. SACRED OBJECTS
A. CEREMONIAL OBJECTS
1. USED IN CEREMONY
2. e.g. PIPE
B. ENERGIZED OBJECTS (FETISHES)
1. ORGANIC OR INORGANIC
2. POSSESSES GREAT SPIRITUAL ENERGY
3. e.g. MEDICINE POUCH, PERFECT EAR OF CORN
IX. VISION QUEST
A. PROMINENT IN ________________________
B. OFTEN INDUCED BY FASTING, SELF-INDUCED ADVERSITY OR SELF-MUTILATION
C. SOMETIMES SPONTANEOUS
D. MAY BE ASSOC WITH RITE OF PASSAGE, i.e. PUBERTY OR WARRIORHOOD
E. CONTENT OF VISION USU AN EXTRAORDINARY ANIMAL BEING (BUFFALOE, BEAR, WEASEL) OR PERSON WITH A MESSAGE
X. RITES OF PASSAGE
A. ALL FOUR ROPs REPRESENTED IN DIVERSE TRIBES
B. MOST CRUCIAL ROP IS RELATED TO PUBERTY
1. VISION QUEST
2. MEDICINE POUCH
XI. SPECIAL SOCIETIES/CEREMONIES
A. DANCING SOCIETIES
1. SUN DANCE (SELF-TORTURE)
B. HEALING SOCIETIES
C. TRADITIONAL REL HEALING DANCING, CHANTING, SHAKING RATTLES, BLOWING SMOKE INTO PATIENT'S FACE
XII. DEATH
A. MOST NARs ________________________ HAVE EXPLICIT BELIEFS RE AFTERLIFE
B. STRONG TABOO RE PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH THE DEAD
C. GENERAL ________________________ OF THE DEAD, BUT
D. NO ________________________ OF DEATH
XIII. MODERN SYNCRETISTIC MOVEMENTS
A. GHOST DANCING REL 1890
1. FOUNDER: ________________________
2. WOVOKA IS ________________________ , SON OF GOD
3. FLOOD WOULD DESTROY WHITE PEOPLE & RED PEOPLE REDEEMED
4. GHOST DANCING BRINGS ANCESTORS BACK TO EARTH
B. NATIVE AMERICAN CHURCH
1. CENTERED AROUND THE SACRAMENT OF THE ________________________
2. FIRST AMENDMENT SANCTIONS
XIV. CURRENT CONCERNS OF NATIVE AMERICANS WITH TIES TO TR
A. SWEAT BATHS FOR PURIFICATION RITUALS
B. RELIGIOUS IMPLEMENTS SHOULD BE IN CUSTODY OF TRIBES
C. HOLY LAND TRACTS SHOULD NOT BE DEVELOPED
D. TRIBAL PRACTICES (ie, PEYOTE, SUN DANCE) SHOULD BE PROTECTED UNDER THE LAW
XV. EVANGELISM
A. EXPECT ________________________ TO THE IDEA OF EVANGELISM, BECAUSE IT IMPLIES ERADICATION OF NA CULTURE
B. EXPECT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ________________________ OF 19TH CENTURY AND CHRISTIANITY
C. SHOW THAT GENUINE CHRISTIANITY ________________________ GENOCIDE OR EXPLOITATION
D. ________________________ ON RESERVATIONS MAY BE KEY POINT OF CONTACT FOR EVANG
E. BE PREPARED TO CORRECT ________________________ CHRISTIAN MANIFESTATIONS
F. PRESENT A ________________________ CHRISTIANITY (VOID OF ANGLO-SAXON, OR SUBURBAN SYNCRETISM)
--HINDUISM-
I. AT A GLANCE
A. NO CONSTANT SET OF ________________________ THROUGH HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENTS
B. "HINDU" SIMPLY MEANS "THE RELIGION ________________________ "
C. BASIC CRITERIA
1. ________________________ (INSPIRED & AUTHORITATIVE)
2. ________________________
3. RESPECT VENERATION OF ________________________ (INCL PROTECTION OF COWS)
II. THREE MAJOR PHASES (3 WAYS: WORKS, KNOWLEDGE, DEVOTION)
A. WAY OF ________________________
1. ORIGIN: ________________________ MIGRATION
2. C. __________BC
3. SCRIPTURE: FOUR __________________"KNOWLEDGE"
a. COLLECTION OF HYMNS
b. COLLECTION OF MANTRAS
c. COLLECTION OF CHANTS
d. COLLECTION OF INCANTATIONS & SPELLS
4. PRACTICE: PRIESTS, LAWS, RITUALS
B. WAY OF ________________________
1. C. ____________BC
2. SCRIPTURE: ________________________ (VEDANTA)
3. PRACTICE: ____________RECOGNITION OF ATMAN-BRAHMAN IDENTITY, WITHDRAWAL
C. WAY OF ________________________ (BHAKTI)
1. C. __________BC to AD ___________
2. SCRIPTURE: ________________________
3. PRACTICE: ________________________ TO ONE GOD(DESS)
III. WAY OF WORKS
A. VEDIC GODS ( __________)
1. ________________________ - ORIGINAL SUPREME SKY GOD [DEUS]
2. ________________________ - SUN GOD, PRESERVER (KRISHNA)
3. ________________________ - CAPRICIOUS MT GOD (SHIVA)
B. OTHER WRITINGS
1. ________________________ - COMMENTARIES ON VEDAS
2. ________________________ - OBLIGATIONS LISTS
3. CODE OF ________________________
a. MANU - ANCESTOR OF _______________
b. SANCTIONS __________________SYSTEM
4. ________________________ - ARTIFICIAL HOLY LANGUAGE OF POST-VEDIC WRITINGS
C. CASTE ( ________________)
1. FOUR CASTES
a. ________________________ ________________________
b. ________________________ ________________________
c. ________________________ ________________________
d. ________________________
2. " __________________-BORN" (TOP 3 CASTES)
3. SUBCASTES
4. "OUTCASTES" ________________________
5. REINFORCED BY ________________________ & KARMA
D. WHEEL OF ________________________
1. ________________________
2. ENDLESS ________________________ OF LIVES
3. ENTITEY ________________________ (CF BUDDHISM)
E. ________________________ (CAUSE & EFFECT)
1. GOOD KARMA
2. BAD KARMA
F. ________________________ : "RELEASE" FROM THE WHEEL OF SAMSARA
A. BRAHMAN
1. ONLY ONE ________________________
2. ________________________ , ALL PERVASIVE BEING
3. "WORLD SOUL"
4. INFINITE
5. BEYOND ________________________ & THOUGHT
6. ALL THERE REALLY IS
B. MAYA ( ________________________ )
1. ALL THAT ________________________ BRAHMAN
2. LIKE A MOVIE PROJECTION
3. LIKE A ________________________
C. ATMAN ( ________________________ )
1. CENTERED IN HUMAN SOUL
2. "ATMAN _____BRAHMAN"
3. ATMAN IS ________________________ WITH BRAHMAN
4. "YOU ARE ________________________ "
D. MOKSHA ( ________________________ )
1. ACHIEVED BY TRUE KNOWLEDGE OF ________________________ AS ATMAN-BRAHMAN
2. ACHIEVED BY STRICT SEPARATION AND ________________________
E. _________________: STATE OF SUPREME BLISS WHEN ON ACHIEVES MOKSHA (RELEASE)
F. PURE VEDANTIC HINDUISM IS/HAS BEEN _________BECAUSE OF ITS ABSTRACT NATURE
V. WAY OF ________________________
A. BHAKTI (LOVING ________________________ )
B. WAY TO MOKSHA NOT WORKS OR KNOWLEDGE, BUT _________________TO ONE GOD
C. BHAGAVAD- ________________________
1. EPIC POEM, C. __________BC
2. ARJUNA (ARCHER, WARRIOR)
3.
4. KRISHNA REVEALED AS INCARNATION OF ________________________
5. KRISHNA INSTRUCTS ARJUNA TO ________________________ TO HIM ALONE
D. BHAKTI (DEVOTION) IS THE HEART OF MOST ________________________ HINDUISM
E. ______________: BRAHMAN MANIFESTED AS 3 MALE GODS & THEIR FEMALE CONSORTS
1. BRAHMA : ________________________ (REP BY 4 FACES)
2. VISHNU: ________________________ (REP BY 4 ARMS)
3. SHIVA: ________________________
4. BRAHMA IS DISPLACED IN MODERN HINDUISM BY ALLEGIANCE TO _________________
VI. THREE ________________________ OF BHAKTI
A. ________________________
1. VISHNU IS ________________________
2. VISHNU INCARNATE IN ONE OF TEN ________________________
3. VISHNU CONCERNED WITH MAINTAINING _________________(
4. DEVOTEES MARKED BY 2 LINE "TILAKA" ON BRIDGE OF NOSE
5. PRACTICE MARKED BY ________________________ , DANCING, MEDITAITON
6. ________________________ MOST POPULAR VISHNITE DEITY
7. HARE KRISHNA ( ________________________ )
a. CHANTING HK ________________________
b. DANCING & BELLS
c. BACK TO GODHEAD MAG
8. BUDDHA IS AN ________________________ WHO DELIBERATELY DECEIVED RE THE DHARMA
B. ________________________
1. SHIVA IS ________________________
2. ________________________ OF BHAKTI
3. DEVOTEES MARKED BY 3-STRIPED TILAKA
4. SHIVA REP AS DANCING ON A ________________________ & PHALLIC SYMBOL
5. SHIVA RIDES A BULL, TRIDENT IS HIS SYMBOL
6. SHIVA IS "DESTROYER OF EVIL IN MODERN CONTEXT
7. ________________________ (ELEPHANT HEAD) IS POPULAR DIETY
C. ________________________
1. DEVOTION TO A GODDESS (DURGA OR KALI)
2. ________________________ REP BY SKULL NECKLESS
3. D & K WORSHIPPED WITH ________________________
4. ________________________ (SEXUAL RITUALS)
5. SHAKTISM IS ________________________ SEGMENT OF BHAKTI
VII. TEMPLE WORSHIP
A. DIETIES RESIDE ________________________
B. STATUES PLACED IN HOMES & TEMPLES
C. DIETIES ________________________ IF WELL CARED FOR, IN STATUES & TEMPLES
D. DIETIES BRING FAVOR ON CAREGIVERS
E. PUJA: ________________________
F. PUJA INCLUDES PRIEST, BELL, INCENSE, OIL LAMP, MUSIC, ______________
VIII. TWO MODERN DEVELOPMENTS
A. ________________________ MISSION
1. FOUNDER: RAMAKRISHNA (D. ___________)
2. FORMER KALI PRIEST
3. ALL REL ARE ________________________ OF ONE GOD
4. UNIVERSALISM IN VEDANTIC GRID
5. VIVAKANANDA VEDANTA SOC
B. SAI BABA MOVEMENT
1. ________________________ IS AVATAR (INC OF K)
2. PRESENT INCARNATION OF SAI BABA IN INDIA
3. SB MARKED BY ________________________ & TEASED HAIR
4. SB TEACHING IS ________________________ OF TRAD INDIAN BELIEFS
IX. HINDU OBSERVANCE (COMMON)
A. THREE DEBTS
1. TO RISHIS (ANCIENT VEDA RECORDERS)
2. TO GODS
3. TO ANCESTORS
B. DAILY RITUALS
1. DAILY PRAYERS
2. MORNING PUJA FOR HH GODS
C. LIFE CYCLE (ROPs)
1. MANU DIVIDES LIFE CYCLE INTO 4 MALE AGES
a. STUDENT: TWICE-BORN CEREMONY AT C. 10
b. HOUSEHOLDER: MARRIAGE
c. MEDITATION: MEASURED WITHDRAWAL DURING MIDDLE AGE
d. RENUNCIATION: OLD MAN, NEW NAME, ACHIEVES MOKSHA
X. FESTIVALS
A. NUMEROUS
B. VARIED
C. ASSOC WITH DIETIES
XI. ________________________ SOCIETY
A. WESTERN HINDUISM
B. EST. NEW YORK, _______________
C. VENDANTIC ORIENTATION
XII. TYPICAL HINDU?
A. WELL EDUCATED
1. PHILOS. (ATMAN/BRAHMAN)
2. ________________________ ORIENTATION
B. LESS EDUCATED
1. TRADITIONAL ________________________
2. SHAIVITE OR VAISHNAVITE
3. VEGETARIAN
4. ________________________
5. TOLERANT OF ________________________ EXCEPT EXCLUSIVE WAYS
XIII. EVANGELISM
A. TAKE CARE TO COMMUNICATE ________________________ OF CHRISTIANITY
B. THREE HISTORICALLY SUCCESSFUL APPROACHES
1. DEMONSTRATION OF CHRISTIAN LOVE IN ________________________
2. EMPHASIZING CHRISTIANITY'S EFFECTUAL ________________________ IN LIGHT OF H'S FAILURE TO SOLVE SIN PROBLEM
3. CHRIST IS TRULY ________________________ FROM ENSLAVEMENT OF FEAR OF RETRIBUTION BY DEITIES OR THE EFFECT OF BAD KARMA
--BUDDHISM-
I. DIVERSITY
A. MANY MUTUALLY ________________________ SCHOOLS OF BUDDHISM
B. MANY BUDDHIST TECHNICALLY ADHERENTS OF ______________________ POPULAR REL
C. THIS OUTLINE FOCUSES ON ________________________ BUDDHISM
II. BUDDHA, THE PERSON
A. LIFE (BASED ON ________________________ , ANCHORED IN FACT)
1. PRINCE SIDDHARTHA GUATAMA
2. BORN 6TH CENT BC IN ________________________
3. KING-FATHER ___________________FROM RELIGION TO PREPARE HIM FOR THE THRONE
4. ________________________ BANISHED INFLUENCES
a. OLD AGE
b. DISEASE
c. DEATH
d. RELIGIOUS RENUNCIATION
5. COUNTRYSIDE CHARIOT RIDE @ 30
6. DEVAS (HINDU GODS) ASSUMED FORMS OF 4 BANISHED INFLU
7. GUATAMA CONCLUDED THAT LIFE OF LUXURY ENDED IN DEATH AND DECAY
8. RENOUNCED POSITION OF LUXURY
9. ABANDONED HIS WIFE AND CHILD
10. CUT OF HAIR AS SIGN OF ________________________
11. SET OUT ON QUEST FOR ________________________ THROUGH AUSTERITY AND SELF-MORTIFICATION
12. 7 YEARS OF SELF DENIAL DID NOT YIELD ________________________
13. DISCOVERED ENL WHILE MEDITATING UNDER A ________________________
14. BECAME A BUDDHA "AWAKEN ONE" THERE
15. ASCENDED TO HEAVEN & TAUGHT ________________________ THE WAY OF ENLIGHTENMENT
16. RETURNED TO EARTH
17. DIED FROM EATING SPOILED PORK
18. ENTERED ________________________ WHILE DISCIPLES WATCHED
B. TEACHINGS
1. LIFE OF EXTREME LUXURY ________________________ TO ENLIGHTENMENT
2. LIFE OF EXTREME SELF-DEPRIVATION ________________________ TO ENL
3. ________________________ BETWEEN EXTREMES IS WAY TO ENL
4. ULTIMATE REALITY ( ________________________ ) IS AN ILLUSION
5. THE FOUNDATION OF EVERYTHING IS ACTUALLY ________________________ "SUNYATA" (ULTIMATE NON-REALITY)
6. TRUE SELF ( ________________________ ) IS ILLUSION
7. THE FOUNDATION OF SELF IS ACTUALLY NON-SELF ( ________________________ )
8. SAMSARA (REINCARNATION), BASED ON KARMA, CONTINUES UNTIL ONE REALIZES HIS ________________________ IN ________________________
9. REALIZATION OF ________________________ THROUGH ABSOLUTE DETACHMENT IS ENL
10. ENL YIELDS ________________________ AT DEATH
11. REINCARNATION ________________________ REINCARNATE A SELF OR INDIVIDUAL ENTITEY (CF SAMSARA OF HINDUISM)
12. DEVELOPED FOUR NOBLE __________________& NOBLE EIGHTFOLD ________________
III. FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
A. SUFFERING (DUKHA) IS I ________________________
B. SUFFERING IS CAUSED BY ________________________ (TANHA) OR ATTACHMENT
C. SUFFERING ELIMINATED BY ELIMINATING ________________________ OR ATTACHMENT
D. DESIRE ELIMINATED BY MEANS OF ________________________
IV. NOBLE 8-FOLD PATH
A. RIGHT ________________________ OF NON-EXISTENCE
B. RIGHT ________________________ TO ACHIEVE ENL
C. RIGHT ________________________ LIMITED TO REQUIRED SPEECH, NO MORE, NO LESS
D. RIGHT ________________________ : LIMITED TO REQUIRED ACTION, NO MORE, NO LESS
E. RIGHT ________________________ - MONKERY
F. RIGHT ________________________ - MEDITATION
G. RIGHT ________________________ -CONTINUOUS FOCUS
H. RIGHT ________________________ - PROPER DIRECTION OF ENERGIES
V. GUATAMA BUDDHA & HINDUISM
A. GB ________________________ VEDAS
B. ________________________ CASTE
C. RECOGNIZES THE GODS, BUT THEY ________________________ NECESSARILY KNOW THE WAY TO ENLIGHTENMENT
D. A-B MAKES BUDDHISM ________________________ HINDUISM
VI. TWO MAIN SCHOOLS
A. THERAVEDA OR HINAYANA ( ________________________ ________________________ )
B. MAHAYANA ( ________________________ ________________________ )
VII. THERAVEDA
A. SCRIPTURE: ________________________ (3 BASKETS) COLLECTION OF WRITINGS REFLECTING BUDDHA'S TEACHINGS
B. DOMINANT IN ________________________ & SE ASIA
C. MONKS ( ________________________ )
1. FOCUS OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICE
2. ONLY MONKS CAN ACHIEVE ENL
3. SHAVEN HEADS
4. YELLOW ROBES (ORANGE)
5. TEN PRECEPTS (P. 225)
6. ALL ________________________
7. HOLY MAN (ARHAT) IS ________________________ MONK
8. HOLY MAN IS NOT A BUDDHA, B IS ENL IN EVERY INCARNATION
9. ________________________ , CHORES, MEDITATION
D. LAITY
1. ASSISTS MONKS AS A WAY OF ________________________ NEXT INCARNATION
2. ________________________ ACHIEVE ENL - NIRVANA
3. SOME MAY SPEND SOME TIME IN HEAVEN BETWEEN INCARNATIONS
4. RECITE "THREE REFUGES"
a. I SEEK REFUGE IN THE ________________________
b. I SEEK REFUGE IN THE ________________________
c. I SEEK REFUGE IN THE ________________________ (ORDER OF MONKS)
5. THREE OBLIGATIONS
a. KEEP FIVE PRECEPTS (P. 226)
b. SUPPORT BIKHU
c. MAINTAIN TEMPLES
6. SHORT-TERM BIKHUS
a. BEFORE PUBERTY
b. IN MIDDLE AGE
E. TEMPLE
1. STATUE OF ________________________ IS CENTRAL (VARYING SITTING POSITIONS)
2. THAI TEMPLE INCLUDES ________________________
3. DISPLAY OF ________________________
4. IN FOLK B'ISM, LAITY WORSHIP & VENERATE THE BUDDHA STATUE TO EVOKE A BLESSING, EVEN THOUGH THEORETICALLY GB IS IN UNREACHABLE STATED
F. MORE BUDDHAS
1. GB ONE OF ________________________
2. MAITREYA IS A BODHISATTVA ( ________________________ ) PREPARING TO USHER IN THE GOLDEN YEARS OF ENL
VIII. MAHAYANA
A. CHIEF AIM IS TO ________________________ THE WAY OF SALVATION TO INCLUDE LAITY WITH MONKS, THUS "BIG RAFT"
B. FOUR SIGNIFICANT INNOVATIONS
1. SUNYATA IS ABSOLUTE ________________________ (NOT NON-REALITY)
a. T LOOSES SELF IN ABSOLUTE NON-REALITY
b. M FINDS SELF IN ABSOLUTE COMPASSION
2. ________________________ OF DIVINE BEINGS
a. BUDDHAS ENL ON EARTH, PRESENTLY UNREACHABLE
b. BUDDHAS ENL IN HEAVEN, PRESENTLY REACHABLE
c. BODHISATTVA, BUDDHAS IN THE MAKING, WHO POSTPONE NIRVANA IN ORDER TO HELP OTHERS ESCAPE HELL (LOWER FORMS OF INCARNATIONS)
3. WRITINGS: ________________________
4. DEVELOPMENT OF SIX ________________________ (p. 230)
a. RATIONALISTS (TENDAI)
b. LAMAISTS (VAJRAYANA)
c. MAGICAL (SHINGON & RYOBU)
d. COMPASSIONATE (PURE LAND)
e. CHANTERS (NICHREN)
f. INTUITIONISTS (ZEN)
IX. ZEN
A. INFLUENCED BY CHINESE ________________________
B. C. ________________________ AD
C. ESSENCE OF ZEN: REALIZATION OF ENL ________________WORDS AND EXPLANATIONS
D. ANTI-STRUCTURAL, ANTI- ________________________ , ANTI-ANALYTICAL
E. TWO SCHOOLS
1. ________________________ SCHOOL
2. ________________________ SCHOOL
F. PREPARATION FOR ENL IS A ________________________ , EMPTY OF ALL CONCEPTS THAT IMPEDE TRUE INSIGHT
G. WRITINGS: ________________________
H. ________________________ I: EXPERIENCE OF ENL, DIRECT UNMEDIATED INSIGHT INTO THE SELF, WORLD, TRUTH
I. THREE LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING
1. ________________________ - CLASSIFIES (RATIONAL)
2. ________________________ - DENIES GENUINE REALITY (EMPERICAL)
3. ________________________ SEES REALITY SIMPLY THE WAY IT IS (PHENOMENOLOGICAL)
J. FOUR WAYS TO SATORI
1. HIGHLY DISCIPLINED ________________________
2. INTERACTING ________________________ OF ZEN MASTERS ACHIEVING SATORI
3. SOLVING ________________________
4. FOCUSING ________________________ , ART FORMS
K. SATORI ACHIEVED BY CONTEMPLATING ________________________ , NOT THE PARTS
X. TYPICAL BUDDHIST ?
A. NOT VERY TYPICAL DUE ________________________ OF BELIEFS AND PRACTICE
B. TWO FEATURES OF DISTINCTIVELY BUDDHIST THINKING ABOUT EXISTENCE
1. NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TOWARD LIFE: _____________ ________________________ ___________ , REALIZATION OF NON-EXISTENCE IS THE SOLUTION TO ALL PROBLEMS
2. BUDDHA PROVIDES A SOLUTION FOR THE FRUSTRATIONS OF LIFE, HOW TO OVERCOME ________________________
C. ________________________ VENERATION IS ALSO PROMINENT AMONG LAY BUDDHISTS
XI. EVANGELISM
A. DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRISTIANITY IS A SET OF BELIEFS BASED UPON SOME CORE ________________________
B. B'IST MAY NEED TO BE SHOWN THAT ________________________
C. EMPHASIZE TO LAITY THAT THERAVEDAN B’ISM DOES NOT PROVIDE ________________________
D. CHRISTIANITY OFFERS ________________________ THAT B'ISM DOES NOT
E. JESUS IS THE GENUINE _______________________(WAY) FOR FINDING MEANING TO LIFE
F. LAY BUDDHIST ARE GENERALLY ___________________ ________________________ _____ & NOT AS LIKELY AS HINDUS TO MERELY ADD JESUS TO THEIR MANY OTHER GODS
G. CAREFULLY ________________________ HEAVEN, AFTERLIFE, HELL, ETC. BECAUSE THEY HAVE FLAWED COUNTERPARTS
H. ADOPTING CHRISTIAN MORALITY WILL NOT BE EXTREMELY ________________________ FOR MANY BUDDHISTS
I. OFFER PRESENT UNION WITH CHRIST AND FUTURE ETERNAL LIFE AS SOLUTION TO UNIVERSAL ________________________ CAUSED BY SIN
J. SHOW THAT CHRISTIAN ETHICS IS MARKED BY A SIMILAR PRINCIPLE OF A ________________________ : BETWEEN EXCESS AND SELF-DEPRIVATION
--JAINISM-
I. LIFE OF ________________________ (6th CENT BC)
A. MAHAVIRA MEANS ________________________
B. LIFE STORY SIMILAR TO ________________________
C. RAISED IN ________________________
D. DISILLUSSIONED WITH ________________________ @ 30
E. PRACTICED ________________________ SELF-ABNEGATION
F. WORE ________________________ , SOUGHT NO SHELTER
G. ________________________ ANY LIVING THING
H. ATTAINED ________________________ AFTER 1 3 YEARS
I. ENL IS DESCRIBED AS STATE OF OMNISCIENCE CALLED ________________________
J. ACHIEVING KAIVALYA MADE HIM A ________________________ (JINA)
K. JAINIST ARE "THOSE WHO ________________________ THE CONQUEROR"
II. MAHAVIRA'S TEACHING
A. CORE TEACHING IS MANY ________________________ (AGAINST MONISM OF HINDUISM OR BUDDHISM)
B. ALL INDIVIDUAL SOULS ARE ________________________
C. AJIVA IS ________________________ OR NON-LIFE (ROCKS, DIRT, DUST)
D. NATURAL STATE OF ALL JIVA IS TO ________________________ OF THE UNIVERSE AND EXIST FOREVER IN PURE STATE OF BLISS: NIRVANA
E. BUT AJIVA ________________________ JIVA AND PROHIBITS RISE
F. ________________________ IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTAMINATION
G. LIVING PURE LIFE WITH ________________________ ACTION ELIMINATES AJIVA
III. FIVE VOWS OF JAIN MONKS
A. ________________________ : NO LIFE TAKING (DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF J)
B. ________________________ TELLING (MAYBE)
C. NO ________________________ (NO PROPERTY)
D. CONQUERING ________________________ DESIRE (SUPPRESS ALL CARNAL DESIRE)
E. ________________________ (TOTAL RENUNCIATION)
III. TWELVE PRACTICES OF JAIN LAITY
A. ________________________
B. NO LYING
C. RESPECT PROPERTY
D. MARITAL ________________________
E. ABSTAIN FROM ________________________
F. LIMIT TRAVEL
G. LIMIT THINGS
H. GUARD AGAINST AVOIDABLE EVILS
I. SPECIFIC TIMES FOR ________________________
J. SPECIAL PERIODS OF SELF-DENIAL
K. OCCASIONAL DAYS ________________________
L. ALMS TO SUPPORT MONKS
V. HINDU DIETIES
A. MANY ________________________ WORSHIPPED
B. JAINS ALSO HAVE OWN DIETIES
VI. ________________________
A. ________________________ LIKE MAHAVIRA, ENLIGHTENED TEACHERS
B. TIRTHANKARAS PERFORM THE ROLE ______________________BUT THEY ARE NOT GODS
C. SEE LIST OF Ts (P. 257)
VII. CYCLES
A. THE WORLD CONTINUALLY CYCLES UPWARD AND DOWNWARD LIKE A POINT ON THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF A ________________________
B. ASCENDING ERA
C. DESCENDING ERA
D. ____________________IN EACH ERA
E. WORLD IS PRESENTLY IN ________________________ CYCLE
VIII. JAIN TEMPLE WORSHIP
A.
B. STATUES OF Ts
C. MAIN ACT OF WORSHIP CONSISTS OF ________________________ ________________________ THE STATUES OF THE Ts
IX. TYPICAL JAINIST
A. MIGHT CALL HIMSELF A ________________________
B. WIDE ________________________ BETWEEN MONKS & LAITY
C. VEGETARIAN
D. VERY ________________________
E. REPUTATION FOR ________________________ AND HONESTY
F. NON-AGRICULTURAL
G. OFTEN INVOLVED IN ________________________ AND FINANCE
H. MANY JAINS ARE LEADERS IN MODERN
X. EVANGELISM
A. COUNTER "AHIMSA" WITH BIBLICAL VIEW OF ________________________ OF HUMAN LIFE PRINCIPLE
B. COUNTER WORKS ORIENTED RELIGION WITH _______OF CHRISTIAN GOD THROUGH JC
--SIKHISM-
I. INTRODUCTION
A. AGAINST THE EVIDENCE, SIKHS BELIEVE THEY ARE AN ________________________ RELIGION WITH ORIGINAL REVELATION
B. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS SIKHISM AROSE TO HARMONIZE ________________________ AND ________________________
II. FOUNDING
A. ________________________ (C. 1500 AD)
1. ________________________ FATHER
2. ________________________ MOTHER
3. BECAME "GURU" ________________________
4. SIKH GURU IS ________________________ WHO TEACHES WITH DIVINE INFALLIBILITY
5. SIKH MEANS ________________________
III. NANAK'S TEACHING
A. ONE GOD, CALLED BY ________________________
B. RETAINED ________________________ AND ________________________
C. ________________________ IS ESSENTIAL FOR ESCAPING CYCLE OF SAMSARA
D. EMPHASIZE MORE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE WITH GOD BY CHANTING _______& HYMNS
E. SALVATION IS ________________________ MERGING WITH ________________________ AS ATMAN MERGES WITH BRAHMAN
IV. SUCCESSION OF GURUS (P. 263)
V. EMPHASIS ON ________________________ MEALS
VI. SCRIPTURE: ________________________ (WHICH IS NOW THE GURU)
VII. ________________________ : SPECIAL ORDER OF MILITARISTS
VIII. THREE CENTRAL SIKH FEATURES
A. WORSHIPPING ________________________ DEPICTED IN ADI GRANTH
B. MAINTAIN ________________________ STANDARD
C. ________________________ SOLIDARITY
IX. SIKH WORSHIP
A. INITIATION: DRINKING SMALL AMOUNT OF ________________________ IN THE NAME OF THE GURUS
B. TEMPLES CALLED ________________________
C. REGULAR PARTICIPATION IN ________________________ IS IMPORTANT PART OF "DEVOTION" TO GOD
D. CENTRAL TEMPLE AT ________________________
E. CENTRAL FEATURE OF THE TEMPLE IS THE ________________________
F. MAIN SERVICE ON ________________________
G. MAIN PRACTICE IS ________________________ FROM "AG" AND ______________ ______________ (ANTICASTE)
XI. TYPICAL SIKH
A. EXTREMELY CONNECTED TO THE ________________________ AND COMMUNITY
B. PERHAPS SECULAR ________________________
XII. EVANGELISM
A. SIKHS DISCONNECTED FROM ________________________ ARE GENERALLY MORE OPEN TO GOSPEL
B. EMPHASIZE THAT GOD REVEALED HIMSELF PERSONALLY________________________ SIKHISM, NOT THRU A GURU, BUT BY INCARNATION
C. EMPHASIZE THE FINISHED WORK ________________________ IS SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF SIN
BAHA'I
I. AT-A-GLANCE
A. ______________CENTURY DEVELOPMENT
B. AROSE FROM ________________________
C. VERY ________________________ ORIENTED
D. ______________WIDELY DISTRIBUTED RELIGION IN THE WORLD BEHIND CHRISTIANITY
II. PRE-BAHA'I: BABI RELIGION
A. A BAB IS A ________________________ SPOKESMAN FOR THE IMAM IN CONCEALMENT
B. ________________________ DECLARED HIMSELF THE BAB IN 1844, IN PERSIA
C. ALI WAS ALSO ________________________
D. FOLLOWERS KNOWN AS ________________________
E. ALI MUHAMMED & MANY FOLLOWERS ________________________ IN CONFLICT WITH PERSIAN SHAH
F. IN 1863, HYSAYN ALI DECLARED HIMSELF ________________________ TO THE BAB & TOOK THE NAME BAHA'ULLAH "GLORY OF GOD"
G. BAHA'ULLAH EXILED TO ________________BY TURKS
III. BAHA'ULLAH
A. WROTE MANY INFLUENTIAL LETTERS AND BOOKS ________________________
B. CHIEF WRITINGS
1. THE ________________________ BOOK
2. THE BOOK OF ________________________
3. THE ________________________ WORDS
C. BY HIS DEATH IN 1892, FOLLOWERS RECOGNIZED B AS THE ________________________
IV. LEADERSHIP AFTER Bs DEATH
A1. ________________________ OFFICIAL INTERPRETER OF B
A2. __________________________TRANSLATED MOST OF Bs WRITINGS INTO ________________________
B. PRESENT LEADERSHIP IS REPRESENTATIVE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ________________________
C. SEE DETAIL P. 272
V. TEMPLES-SHRINES
A. CENTRAL SHRINE: UNIVERSAL HOUSE OF JUSTICE IN ________________________
B. US TEMPLE IN ________________________ (OUTSIDE CHICAGO)
VI. BAHA'I TEACHINGS
A. ________________________
1. ONE GOD
2. ETERNAL CREATOR
3. VIRTUALLY ________________________
B. ________________________ OF GOD (BABS OR PROPHETS)
1. DIVINE IN ________________________ & MESSAGE
2. NINE BABS RECOGNIZED: ________________________ ,
3. THE MOST RECENT MANIFESTATION & MESSAGE IS ________________________ TO ALL PRIOR ONES
C. PERSONAL DEVOTION AND SOCIAL ACTION ARE ________________________
1. NO ________________________
2. FEW ________________________
D. TEN PRINCIPLES OF BAHA'I (BLUEPRINT FOR A ________________________ ADMINISTERED UNDER BAHA'I)
1. ONENESS OF ________________________
2. INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION OF ________________________
3. COMMON ________________________ OF ALL RELIGIONS
4. ESSENTIAL ________________________ OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION
5. ________________________ OF MEN AND WOMEN
6. ELIMINATION OF ALL ________________________
7. UNIVERSAL COMPULSORY ________________________
8. SPIRITUAL SOLUTION TO ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ( ________________________ OF WEALTH AND POVERTY)
9. UNIVERSAL AUXILLARY ________________________
10. WORLD GOVERNMENT UPHOLDS ________________________
E. PRACTICE
1. DAILY ________________________
2. ANNUAL PERIOD OF ________________________
3. ASSOC WITH THE ________________________ (UNITY AND DIVERSITY)
4.
5. ________________________ HELD IN MEMBERS HOMES (2 HRS)
a. HYMN SINGING
b. PREPARATIONS FOR S ________________________
VII. TYPICAL BAHA'I
A. BAHA'I ________________________ CULTURE, YET
B. BAHA'IS ARE SO, BECAUSE THE CHOOSE TO BE
C. PROFESSIONALS WHO HAVE _____________________________ ABOUT THEIR RELIGION
D. DRAWN TO ISSUES OF CIVIL RIGHTS, ______________________ ABOLITION OF POVERTY
E. BECAUSE IT IS A NEW RELIGION IT HAS VIRTUALLY ________________________ VERSION
F. ________________________
G. ONLY ________________________________ OF OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS ARE RECEIVED
VIII. EVANGELISM
A. CRITIQUE: TOLERANCE AND ________________________ EXTEND ONLY TO THOSE ASPECTS OF THE WORLD THAT ARE COMPATIBLE WITH BAHA'I GOALS
B. BE PREPARED TO DEFEND THE ________________________ CLAIMS OF CHRISTIANITY BASED ON AN AUTHENTIC AND RELIABLE BIBLE
--CHINESE POPULAR RELIGION-
I. FOURFOLD SYNTHESIS OF CPR
A. ________________________ RELIGION
B. ________________________
C. ________________________
D. ________________________
II. TRADITIONAL RELIGION
A. EARLIEST RECORD: SHANG DYNASTY ________________________
B. TWO CHARACTERISTICS
1. CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ________________________
2. EMPHASIS ON ________________________ : DISCOVERING THE STATE OF THE BASIC BALANCE OF NATURE AND REMEDY FOR BALANCING
C. YIN & ________________
1. TWO OPPOSING, YET ________________________ , FORCES WHICH ARE OPTIMALLY IN PERFECT BALANCE WITH EACH OTHER
2. EVIL IS ________________________ , GOOD IS BALANCE
3. DAO IS THE ________________________ OF THINGS IN PROPER HARMONY
D. ________________________ VENERATION
E. APPEASEMENT OF ________________________ SPIRITS
III. DAOISM (DEVEL COMPLICATED)
A. LAO ZI ( ___________________) FOUNDER
B. ________________________ "BOOK OF THE WAY AND ITS POWER"
C. SOLUTION TO ALL PROBLEMS IS DOING ________________________ ___________________
D. THE DAO MUST REVEAL ITSELF, IT CANNOT BE ________________________ , ACTION ONLY OBSCURES THE DAO
E. THE DAO IS ________________________ (BEYOND CATEGORIES, BEYOND DESCRIPTION)
F. ACTIONLESSNESS IS CHARACTERIZED BY ________________________ _________________
G. JUDGMENTS OF VALUE OR DIFFERENCE ARE ________________________ (GOOD/EVIL, BEING/NON-BEING)
H. THE MORE ________________________ DOES THE WORSE THE SITUATION BECOMES
I. GOAL TO RETURN TO STATE OF ________________________ ________________________
J. INFLUENCE OF ________________________(MASTERS OF THE RECIPE FOR IMMORTALITY)
1. QI (CHI) IS ________________________
2. XIAN (HSIEN) ARE ________________________
3. ________________________ IMMORTALS ARE POPULAR FOCUS OF LEGENDS AND BEDTIME STORIES (SEE P. 290)
K. SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAOISM (SEE P. 291) MERGING OF TWO STRANDS OF RELIGION
1. DIVINE ________________________ & ________________________
2. PHILOSOPHICAL PURSUIT OF ________________________
L. DAOISM DEVELOPED A ________________________ THAT SERVED IN TEMPLES
IV. CONFUCIANISM
A. CONFUCIUS (551-479 BC) AKA ________________________
B. CHIEF WRITING: ________________________ (CONVERSATIONS)
C. CONCENTRATED ON THE PROPER EXECUTION OF ________________________ (ETHICS)
D. CORE CONCEPT: PRINCIPLE OF ________________________ "THE ATTITUDE OF SEEKING THE WELFARE OF OTHER PEOPLE"
E. REN STOPS SHORT OF ________________________
F. 2ND PRINCIPLE OF LI: DOING ________________________ AT THE RIGHT TIME, "PROPRIETY"
G. 3RD PRINCIPLE OF ________________________
H. CONFUCIUS LATER ELEVATED TO ESTEEMED ANCESTOR, THEN VENERATED ANCESTOR, THEN ________________________
I. TWO INTERPRETATIONS EMERGED
1. MAN IS NATURALLY ________________________ (PREVAILED)
2. MAN IS NATURALLY ________________________
V. BUDDHISM
A. MANY COMMON PEOPLE IN CHINA WORSHIP ________________________ AS GOD
B. BUDDHA'S
VI. POPULAR SYNTHESIS
A. BASIC BELIEFS
1. ________________________ ORIENTATION (THIS WORLDLY)
2. ________________________ (DIVINATION PROVIDES INSIGHT TO LUCKY OR UNLUCKY)
B. THE HOME
1. EACH HOME CONTAINS A SMALL SHRINE
2. ________________________ IS BURNED DAILY IN REMEMBRANCE OF ANCESTORS
3. CONSECREATED ________________________ BECOME DIVINIZED (MATTER IS CHARGED WITH SPIRITUAL POWER)
4. ________________________ (GEOMANCY): ATTEMPT TO SITUATE ONESELF IN THE OPTIMAL CURRENT OF SPIRITUAL FORCES THAT BALANCE YIN AND YANG
C. TEMPLE
1. PLACE OF COMMUNICATION AND ________________________
2. NOT "HOUSE OF ____________________"
3. INCENSE BURNING OF ________________________
4. DIETIES ARE USUALLY A MIXTURE OF BUDDHIST DIVINITIES ________________________
5. ________________________ DIETIES ARE PRESENTLY PROMINENT
6. NO PRIESTS IN POPULAR TEMPLES
D. DIVINATION ( ________________________ )
1. ITEMS FOR DIVINATION INCLUDE TUMBLER OF STICKS, 2 CRESENT SHAPED HOLLOW BLOCKS (YIN/YANG), PRINTED ________________________
2. VERY PROMINENT ON THE TEMPLE SITE ITSELF
E. FUNERALS
1. ________________________ MONKS PRESIDE AND PRAY
2. ________________________ IS TRADITIONAL, BUT CREMATION IS POPULAR
3. SPIRIT ATTACHED TO A ________________________ OF THE DECEASED AND WILL BE KEPT IN THE HOME SHRINE
F. SEANCES
1. PERFORMED IN SPECIAL TEMPLES MARKED BY ________________________
2. MEDIUM CONSULTS ANCESTOR SPIRITS
G. LIFE CYCLES
1. RELIGIOUS CEREMONY ORDERED AROUND LIFE CYCLE IS LESS PROMINENT IN CTR THAN IN OTHERS, PERHAPS DUE TO EMPHASIS ON COMMUNITY OVER INDIVIDUAL
2. ALL BIRTHDAYS ARE CELEBRATED ANNUALLY ON NEW YEARS DAY. CHINESE ZODIAC IS REAKONED BY YEAR OF BIRTH NOT DATE
VII. TYPICAL CHINESE POP REL
A. ________________________ , NOT INDIVIDUAL
B. LESS DIRECT INTERACTION, NOT ________________________
C. RARE PUBLIC DISPLAY OF ________________________
D. SEVERE CONFLICT IS MEASURED BY THE ________________________ OF THE CONVERSATION
E. ________________________ WORLDVIEW
VIII. EVANGELISM
A. ________________________ IS SUPENATURAL WORLDVIEW
B. ________________________ (AS POSSIBLE) INDIVIDUALISTIC, CONFRONTATIONAL, EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF PRESENTATION
C. BE PREPARED FOR EXTREME RESISTENCE TO CHRISTIANITY DUE TO OFFENDING ________________________ ________________________
--SHINTO & JAPANESE SYNTHESIS-
I. JAPANESE SYNTHESIS
A. ________________________ RELIGION
B. ________________________
C. ________________________
D. ________________________
II. SHINTO
A. SHEN-DAO ________________________
B. KAMI - PERSONAL/IMPERSONAL ________________________
C. EMPHASIS ON ________________________ - SEXUALITY DUE TO AGRICUL ECONOMY
D. ________________________ ________________________ - WRITINGS ON MYTHOLOGICAL HISTORY OF JAPAN FROM CREATION TO 7TH CENTURY
E. AMATSU NORITO - MANUAL OF RITUAL AND PRAYER (10THc. a)
F. EMPORER DIRECT DESCENDANT OF THE SUN GODDESS, AMATERASU
G. ORIGIN OF SHINTO IN ________________________ RESPONSE TO BUDDHISM
H. STATE SHINTO
1. NATIONAL RELIGION BY CONSTITUTIONAL DECREE __________________
2. THREE MAJOR DECREES
a. NOT A RELGION, BUT ________________________ THAT SUPERSEDES ALL RELIGION
b. ALL SHINTO SHRINES ARE CUSTODY ________________________
c. ________________________ IS HEAD OF JAPANESE GOVERNMENT
I. ABOLITION OF STATE SHINTO
1. END OF ________________________
2. ALLIES COERCED EMPORER TO DECLARE HE WAS ________________________
J. SHRINES
1. TORRI - ________________________
2. LOCATED IN ________________________ WITH NATURAL WATER AND EVERGREEN TREES
3. ________________________ (HONDERN) RESERVED FOR SACRED OBJECTS
4. ________________________ (HAIDEN) IS HALL OF WORSHIP
5. TYPICAL WORSHIPPER RINGS BELL, CLAPS HANDS, MAKES OFFERING OF MONEY OR FOOD TO ________________________
6. HIGHEST SHINTO SHRINE IS THE ________________________ ________________________, EMPORERS OFFICIAL SHRINE, HE MAKES OFFICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS FROM HERE
7. COUPLES USU MARRIED AT SHINTO SHRINE
K. SHINTO IN THE HOME
1. EACH HOME CONTAINS A SMALL KAMI SHRINE ( ________________________ )
2. MANY MODERN HOMES HAVE KAMIDANA & BUDDHIST BUTSUDAN (CABINET SHRINE) AS WELL
L. SECTARIAN SHINTO & NEW REL
1. SECTARIAN SHINTO - NEW FORMS OF SHINTO WITH OFFICIAL RECOGNITION BY GOVERNMENT AS A DENOMINATION
2. NEW RELIGIONS - NOT OFFICIALLY SHINTO (171 NEW, 18MIL, 1958)
a. FOUNDER POSSESSED BY DIVINE BEING AND WROTE AUTHORITATIVE SCRIPTURE
b. SIMPLICITY & SUPERFICIAL
c. GOALS ARE "THIS WORLDLY" PRESENT SUCCESS
d. EGALITARIAN
e. STRICT GOVERNANCE
f. OPTIMISTIC
g. SEE CHART P 326
h. AUM SHINRI KYO ________________________
III. FOLK RELIGION
A. NOT AN INSTITUTION ITSELF, BUT BELIEFS & PRACTICES ATTACHED TO SHINTO & BUDDHIST FORMS
B. FERTILITY CONNECTED TO ________________________
C. SHAMANS - FUNCTIONS AS DIVINERS & FAITH HEALERS
D. NATURE SPIRITS
E. MOUNTAIN SPIRITS
F. INCANTATIONS
G. THREE VIEWS OF AFTER-DEATH
1. MERGED WITH ________________________
2. BECOMES ________________________
3. ________________________ AS A NEW PERSON
IV. HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS
A. NEW YEAR - EMPHASIS ON _____________, PRIEST GONGS 108 TIMES (JAN 1, GREG CAL)
B. FLOWER FESTIVAL - BUDDHA'S BIRTHDAY, RICE KAMI DESCENDS FROM MOUNTAIN (APRIL 8)
C. GREAT PURIFICATION (JUN 30)
D. STAR FESTIVAL - CELEBRATION OF LOVE & ROMANCE
E. FESTIVAL OF THE DEAD - INTENSE PROVISION FOR ANCESTOR SPIRITS (JUL)
V. TYPICAL JAPANESE INDIGENOUS RELIGION
A. VALUES ________________________
B. ________________________ TO FAMILY & SOCIETY
C. NOT PREOCCUPIED WITH ______________, BUT PROCESS OF AVOIDANCE OF PROBLEMS
D. ________________________ - CONCERNED ABOUT FAVORABLE OUTCOME, NOT THEORY BEHIND RELIGIOUS PRACTICE
E. MAY INDEPENDANTLY STEP OUTSIDE CULTURAL NORMS, IF OUTCOMES MORE FAVORABLE
VI. EVANGELISM
A. DEVOTION TO ____________________MAY PRESENT OBSTACLE TO INDIVIDUAL APPEAL
B. WESTERN ORIENTATION TOWARD _____________________AND JAPANESE ORIENTATION TOWORD PROCESS MAY PRESENT OBSTACLE (EG MOVING FROM FALL TO REDEMPTION MAY NOT BE BEST APPROACH)
C. EMPHASIZE ________________________
D. START WITH THE NATURE OF FAITH ________________________ & ELABORATE THIS CONCEPT WITH ORIGINS OF SIN
E. DISASSOCIATE CHRISTIANITY FROM WESTERN ________________________ ____________
Copyright 1999-2003 by Cky J. Carrigan. All Rights Reserved.